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(This page is incomplete. Only Table 1, Nations of the World (with capitals and major subdivisions) is complete. Tables 3 and 5 are perhaps 3/4 complete; Table 2, perhaps 1/3. Table 4 is completely blank, save for the headings. Once the text is filled in, I may add illustrations for visual interest and to add information.)
If the spelling of English is reformed, the names of many places will look very different from the way they now appear, in Traditional Orthography ("T.O."). Just as no thoroughgoing spelling reform can succeed if personal names are left chaotically spelled some being, happenstantially, Fanetik but others being spelled very unphonetically indeed, in many cases for following the phonetic rules of the non-English language they originated in we cannot operate efficiently if we have rationally spelled text in which appear irrationally spelled place names.
The point of an alphabet is to convey sound. Not sense, not history, not tradition, not continuity with the past not anything else. Just sound. To the extent we can add information without losing sound, that's fine. But alphabetic writing must convey sound unambiguously. So place names must be phoneticized.
Here, then, are tables of well-known place names, phoneticized. The first column presents the current spelling (T.O.); the second, Fanetik, the way most people would write it for most practical purposes; the third, the Augméntad Fanétik spelling, which would be used in teaching English, in dictionary pronunciation keys, and as an alternate way of writing to indicate syllabic stress for people who might not know it in the same way that we now distinguish between homophones in speech by spelling things aloud: "No. Not T-H-E-I-R. T-H-E-R-E."
The first table is nations of the world, with major subdivisions in some cases (e.g., Siberia in Russia, Bavaria in Germany) and the capital city (or cities) shown with a star (« ). The second table presents world cities. The third, States and territories of the United States, Canada, and Australia, and the major divisions of Britain and Ireland. The fourth table transliterates the names of well-known localities in the major English-speaking countries. And the fifth converts the names of the oceans and seas, major rivers, lakes, mountains, and other physical features.
I have no Fanetik-savvy proofreader to help with this page, so if you spot mistakes, please let me know.
Respelling these place names was a revelation for me, because I had been reading many wrong all these many years. This exercise brought home forcefully how preposterous and useless present spelling is in telling us how to pronounce unfamiliar names. L. Craig Schoonmaker, New York, March 3, 1999
Table 1.
Nations of the World
(with well-known subdivisions in some cases)
(Capital(s) shown with
«
)
Standard Spelling (T.O.) | Fanetik | Augméntad Fanétik |
Afghanistan | Aafgaanistaan | Aafgáanistaan |
« Kabul | « Kobool (NOT Kabool) | « Kóbool (NOT Kabóol) |
Albania | Aalbaeneeya | Aalbáeneeya |
« Tirane | « Teerona | « Teeróna |
Algeria | Aaljeereeya | Aaljéereeya |
« Algiers | « Aaljeerz | « Aaljéerz |
Andorra | Aandaura | Aandáura |
« Andorra la Vella | « Aandaura loq Velya | « Aandaura loq Vélya |
Angola | Aanggoela | Aanggóela |
« Luanda | « Luewonda | « Luewónda |
Antigua and Barbuda | Aanteega aand Borbueda | Aantéega aand Borbúeda |
« St. John's | « Saent Jon'z | « Saent Jón'z |
Argentina | Orjenteena | Orjentéena |
« Buenos Aires | « Bwaenas Ieras (NOT Bwaenas Aireez) | « Bwáenas Íeras (NOT Bwáenas Áireez) |
Gran Chaco | Gron Choko | Gron Chóko |
Pampas | Pompaz | Pómpaz |
Armenia | Ormeeneeya | Orméeneeya |
« Yerevan | « Yeravon | « Yeravón |
Australia | Austrailya | Austráilya |
Canberra | « Kaanbera | « Káanbera |
Austria | Austreeya | Áustreeya |
« Vienna | « Veeyena | « Veeyéna |
Azerbaijan | Aazerbiejon | Àazerbiejón |
« Baku | « Boku | « Bokú |
Bahamas | Bahomaz | Bahómaz |
« Nassau | « Naasau | « Náasau |
Bahrain | Boraen | Boráen |
« Manama | « Manoma | « Manóma |
Bangladesh | Bongladesh, Bonggladesh | Bongladésh, Bonggladésh |
« Dacca / Dhaka | « Daaka / Doka | « Dáaka / Dóka |
Note: South Asian preference seems to be NOT to insert a hard-G in Bangladesh: Bong-la-désh. And the two spellings of the capital (Dacca and Dhaka) do NOT correlate with the two different pronunciations (Dáaka and Dóka). Either spelling goes with either pronunciation. | ||
Barbados | Borbaedoes | Borbáedoes |
« Bridgetown | « Brijtoun | « Bríjtoun |
Belarus | Belarues | Belarúes |
« Minsk | « Minsk | « Minsk |
Belau (also Palau) | Balou (Palou) | Balóu (Palóu) |
Belgium | Beljam | Béljam |
« Brussels | « Brusalz | « Brúsalz |
Belize | Baleez | Baléez |
« Belmopan | « Belmoepaan | « Belmoepáan |
Benin | Beneen | Benéen |
« Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) | « Paurto Noevo, Koetanu | « Páurto Nóevo, Koetanú |
Bhutan | Bueton | Buetón |
« Thimphu, Thimbu | « Timpu, Tthimbu, Timbu | « Timpú, Tthímbu, Timbú |
Bolivia | Baliveeya | Balíveeya |
« La Paz (administrative), Sucre (historic and judicial) | « La Poz, Suekrae | « La Póz, Súekrae |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bozneeya aand Hertsagoeveena (NOT Hertsagoevina) | Bózneeya aand Hèrtsagoevéena (NOT Hèrtsagóevina) |
« Sarajevo | « Sorayaevo | « Sorayáevo |
Botswana | Botswona | Botswóna |
« Gaberone | « Gobaroene | « Gobaróene |
Brazil | Brazil | Brazíl |
« Brasilia | « Brazilya | « Brazílya |
Amazonia | Aamazoeneeya | Aamazóeneeya |
Bahia | Boqeeya | Boqéeya |
Brunei Darussalam | Brueni Doruesolom, Bruenae Doruesolom | Bruení Dòruesalóm, Bruenáe Dòruesalóm |
« Bandar Seri Begawan | « Bunder Sere Bagowan | « Búnder Sére Bagówan |
Bulgaria | Bulgaireeya | Bulgáireeya |
« Sofia | « Soefeeya | « Sóefeeya |
Burkina Faso | Berkeena Foso | Berkéena Fóso |
« Ouagadougou | « Wogaduegu | « Wogadúegu |
Burma / Myanmar | Berma / Mieyonmor | Bérma / Mieyónmor |
« Rangoon / Yangon | « Raangguen / Yaanggon | « Raanggúen / Yaanggón |
Burundi | Booroondee | Booróondee |
« Bujumbura | « Buejamboora | « Bùejambóora |
Cambodia | Kaamboedeeya | Kaambóedeeya |
« Phnom Penh | « Panom Pen | « Panòm Pén |
Cameroon | Kaameruen | Kaamerúen |
« Yaoundé | « Yaquendae | « Yaqúendae |
Canada | Kaanada | Káanada |
« Ottawa | « Otawa, Otawoq | « Ótawa, Ótawoq |
Cape Verde | Kaep Vairde | Kaep Váirde |
« Praia | « Prieya | « Príeya |
Note: Dictionaries give the pronunciation "Kaep Verd". I reject this as a hopelessly ignorant and unnecessarily extreme anglicization. In Portuguese "verde" ('green') is two syllables: vairda in Portugal, vairje in Brazil. At worst, this country's name would intelligently be anglicized as "Kaep Vérde", but I recommend "Kaep Vairde". | ||
Central African Republic | Sentral Aafrikan Reepublik | Séntral Áafrikan Reepúblik |
« Bangui | « Bongge | « Bonggé |
Chad | Chaad | Chaad |
« N'Djamena | « Injamaena | « Injamáena |
Note: The N in N'Djamena is syllabic, that is, a nasal N sound that stands in a syllable to itself. Speakers of English will hear this syllable as being something like the word "in". See "Mbabane" at "Swaziland". | ||
Chile | Chile (NOT Cheelae) | Chíle (NOT Chéelae) |
« Santiago | « Saanteeyogo, Sonteeyogo | « Saanteeyógo, Sonteeyógo |
Note: The traditional and Fanetik spellings of Chile are identical, one more proof (if more were needed) that, despite its seeming radically different look, Fanetik derives from traditional ways of spelling English, but makes them consistent. | ||
China | Chiena | Chíena |
« Beijing / Peking | « Baejing / Paeking / Peeking | « Baejíng / Paekíng / Peekíng |
Fukien / Fujian | Fuekyen / Fuejon | Fúekyen / Fúejon |
Canton / Kwangtung / Guangdong | Kaanton / Kwaangtoong / Gwongdaung | Káanton / Kwaangtoong / Gwongdaung |
Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Hóng Kong |
Hunan | Huenon | Húenon |
Manchuria | Maanchueereeya | Maanchúeereeya |
Szechwan / Sichuan | Sechwon / Seechwon | Séchwon / Séechwon |
Sinkiang (Uighur) | Shinjeeyong Weeger | Shínjeeyòng (Wéeger) |
Tibet | Tibet | Tibét |
Note: Although some people prefer to think of Tibet as a country to itself rather than a region of China, it is de facto part of China now (March 1999). At least current English usage is to preserve the name "Tibet" rather than adopt the Chinese designation Xizang (Shèezóng). | ||
Yunnan | Yoonon | Yoonón |
Colombia | Kaloembeeya (NOT Kalumbeeya) | Kalóembeeya (NOT Kalúmbeeya) |
« (Santafé de) Bogotá | « (Sonta fae dae) Boegatoq | « (Sònta fáe dae) Boegatóq, Bóegatoq |
Comoros | Komaroez | Kómaròez |
« Moroni | « Mauroene | « Mauróene |
Congo | Konggo | Kónggo |
« Kinshasa (formerly, Leopoldville), Dem. Rep. of the Congo | « Kinshosa (Leeyapoeldvil) | « Kinshósa (Léeyapoeldvìl) |
Costa Rica | Kosta Reeka, Koesta Reeka | Kósta Réeka, Kóesta Réeka |
« San Jose | « Saan Hoezae, Son Hoesae | « Saan Hoezáe, Son Hoesáe |
Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast | Koet d'Eevwor / Ievare Koest | Koet d'Eevwor / Ievare Koest |
« Yamoussoukro (official), Abidjan (administrative) | « Yomasuekro, Aabijon | « Yomasúekro, Aabijón |
Note: The government of the Ivory Coast has pretentiously declared that it is to be known by the French name Côte d'Ivoire even in English. Speakers of English have no reason whatsoever to pay any heed to such pretentiousness but should feel perfectly free to call this tiny country "Ivory Coast", inasmuch as "Côte d'Ivoire" merely MEANS "Ivory Coast", so there is no violence to sense in using the English. | ||
Croatia | Kroewaesha | Kroewáesha |
« Zagreb | « Zogreb | « Zógreb |
Cuba | Kyueba | Kyúeba |
« Havana | « Havaana | « Haváana |
Cyprus | Siepras | Síepras |
« Nicosia | « Nicaseeya | « Nicaséeya |
Note: In 1974 Turkey invaded Cyprus and militarily established what it has pretended since late 1993 is a separate country, the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (Térkish Reepúblik uv Náurthern Síepras), but the United Nations has rejected that declaration of independence and declared that there is only one country in Cyprus. Of all the countries on Earth, only Turkey recognizes the independence of Northern Cyprus. | ||
Czech Republic | Chek Reepublik | Chek Reepúblik |
« Prague | « Prog | « Prog |
Denmark | Denmork | Dénmork |
« Copenhagen | « Koepanhogan, Koepanhaegan | « Kóepanhògan, Kóepanhàegan |
Faeroe Islands | Fairo Ielandz | Fáiro Íelandz |
Greenland / Kalaallit Nunaat | Greenland / Kalotleet Nuenot | Gréenland / Kalótleet Nuenót |
Note: The first word in the Eskimo / Inuit name for Greenland is spelled "Kalaallit", but Merriam-Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary says there is a T sound before the second L sound. Assuming this is not a typo that somehow got past Merriam-Webster's expert proofreaders, it would seem that whoever set up the system of writing Greenlandic Eskimo in the roman alphabet made at least one serious error. | ||
Djibouti | Jibuete | Jibúete |
« Djibouti | « Jibuete | « Jibúete |
Dominica | Domineeka | Dominéeka |
« Roseau | « Roezo | « Roezó |
Dominican Republic | Daminikan Reepublic | Damínikan Reepúblic |
« Santo Domingo | « Saanto Daminggo, Sonto Daminggo | « Sáanto Damínggo, Sónto Damínggo |
Ecuador | Ekwadaur | Ékwadaur |
« Quito | « Keeto | « Kéeto |
Egypt | Eejipt | Éejipt |
« Cairo | « Kiero | « Kíero |
El Salvador | El Saalvadaur | El Sáalvadaur |
« San Salvador | « Saan Saalvadaur | « Sàan Sáalvadaur |
Equatorial Guinea | Ekwataureeyal Gine | Èkwatáureeyal Gíne |
« Malabo | « Malobo | « Malóbo |
Eritrea | Eritreeya | Eritréeya |
« Asmara | Osmora | Osmóra |
Estonia | Estoeneeya | Estóeneeya |
« Tallinn | « Tolin | « Tólin |
Ethiopia | Eettheeyoepeeya | Èettheeyóepeeya |
« Addis Ababa | « Aadis Aababa | « Áadis Áababa |
Fiji | Feeje | Féeje |
« Suva | « Sueva | « Súeva |
Finland | Finland | Fínland |
« Helsinki | « Helsingke | « Hélsingke |
France | Fraans | Fraans |
« Paris | Paaris | Páaris |
Bora Bora | Baura Baura | Bàura Báura |
French Guiana | French Geeyaana / French Geeyona | Frènch Geeyáana / Frènch Geeyóna |
« Cayenne | « Kieyen, Kaeyen | « Kieyén, Kaeyén |
French Polynesia | French Polineezha | Frènch Pôlinéezha |
Guadeloupe | Gwodaluep | Gwodalúep |
« Basse-Terre | « Bos-Tair | « Bos-Táir |
Martinique | Mortineek | Mortinéek |
« Fort-de-France | « Faur-doo-fróns | « Faur-doo-fróns |
Mayotte | Mieyot | Mieyot |
« Mamoudzou | « Momuedzu | « Momúedzu |
Reunion | Reeyuenyan, Raeyuunyoenn | Reeyuenyan,Ràeyuunyóenn |
« Saint-Denis | « Saan Dane | « Sàan Dané |
Wallis and Futuna Islands | Wolis aand Fuetuena Íelandz | Wólis aand Fuetúena Íelandz |
Gabon | Gaboenn | Gabóenn |
« Libreville | « Leebraveel | « Léebravil |
Gambia, The | Tha Gaambeeya | Tha Gáambeeya |
« Banjul | « Bonjuel | « Bónjuel |
Georgia | Jaurja | Jáurja |
« Tbilisi | « Tibileese, Tibleese | « Tibiléese, Tibléese |
Germany | Jermane | Jérmane |
« Berlin (formal), Bonn (administrative, until mid-1999) | « Berlin, Bon | « Berlín, Bon |
Bavaria | Bavaireeya | Baváireeya |
Brandenburg | Braandanberg | Bráandanberg |
Prussia (historic; abolished 1947) | Prusha | Prúsha |
Rhineland | Rienlaand | Ríenlaand |
Saxony | Saaksane | Sáaksane |
Westphalia | Westfailya | Westfáilya |
Ghana | Gona | Góna |
« Accra | « Akroq | « Akróq |
Greece | Grees | Grees |
« Athens | « Aatthanz | « Áatthanz |
Grenada | Granaeda | Granáeda |
« St. George's | « Saent Jaurj'az | « Saent Jáurj'az |
Guatemala | Gwotamola | Gwotamóla |
« Guatemala City | « Gwotamola Site | « Gwótamòla Síte |
Guinea | Gine | Gíne |
« Conakry | « Konakre | « Kónakre |
Guinea-Bissau | Ginee-Bisou | Gìnee-Bisóu |
« Bissau | « Bisou | « Bisóu |
Guyana | Gieyaana | Gieyáana |
« Georgetown | « Jaurjtoun | « Jáurjtoun |
Haiti | Haete | Haete |
« Port-au-Prince | « Paurt-oe-Prins, Paurt-a-Prins | « Pàurt-oe-Príns, Páurt-a-Prìns |
Honduras | Hondueras | Hondúeras |
« Tegucigalpa | « Tagueseegolpa | « Tagùeseególpa |
Hungary | Hunggare | Húnggare |
« Budapest | « Buedapest | « Búedapest |
Iceland | Iesland | Íesland |
« Reykjavik | « Raekyavik | « Ráekyavik |
India | Indeeya | Índeeya |
« New Delhi | « Nu Dele | « Nu Déle |
Deccan | Dekan | Dekan |
Eastern / Western Ghats | Eestern / Western Gots, Gauts | Èestern / Wèstern Góts, Gáuts |
Indonesia | Indoeneezha | Indoenéezha |
« Jakarta | « Jakorta | « Jakórta |
Iran | Eeron | Eerón |
« Teheran | « Taeron | « Taerón |
Iraq | Eerok | Eerok |
« Baghdad | « Baagdaad | « Báagdaad |
Babylon (ancient ruins) | Baabalon | Báabalòn |
Basra | Bozra | Bózra |
Mosul | Moesuel | Moesúel |
Nineveh (ancient ruins) | Ninava | Nínava |
Shatt al Arab | Shot aal Aarab | Shòt aal Áarab |
Ireland | Ieyerland | Íeyerland |
« Dublin | « Dublin | « Dúblin |
Israel | Izreeyal | Ízreeyal |
« Jerusalem (official), Tel Aviv (the United States and some other countries do not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel because of its special place of esteem to Palestinians and Islam) | « Jeruesalam, Tel Aveev | « Jerúesalam, Tèl Avéev |
Judea | Juedeeya | Juedéeya |
Negev | Negev | Négev |
Samaria | Samaireeya, Samoreeya | Samáireeya, Samoreeya |
Italy | Itale | Ítale |
« Rome | « Roem | « Roem |
Jamaica | Jamaeka | Jamáeka |
« Kingston | « Kingstan | « Kíngstan |
Japan | Japaan | Japáan |
« Tokyo | « Toekeeyo | |
Note: Perhaps the English pronunciation for the capital of Japan should be Toekyo, two syllables, not three, to align more closely with the Japanese, which approaches Taukyau from Toekyo. Toekeeyo is a spelling-pronunciation, since "Tokyo" is ambiguous. Had the word entered the English language written Tok-yo or Toek-yo, we would never have read it as three syllables. | ||
Jordan | Jaurdan | Jáurdan |
« Amman | « Omon (NOT Amon) | « Ómon (NOT Amón) |
Kazakhstan | Kozokston | Kozokstón |
« Almaty | « Olmate | « Ólmate |
Kenya | Kenya, Keenya, Kaenya | Kénya, Kéenya, Káenya |
« Nairobi | « Nieroebe | « Nieróebe |
Kiribati | Keeribaas | Kéeribaas |
Note: This is one of the all-time stupid renderings of a foreign word into English. Whoever proposed "Kiribati" for Kéeribaas, and whatever language watchdogs permitted that insane spelling into the language should be flogged. | ||
Korea | Kareeya | Karéeya |
« Pyongyang (North Korea); Seoul (South Korea) | « Pyongyaang, Soel | « Pyongyáang, Soel |
Kuwait | Koowaet | Koowáet |
« Kuwait | « Koowaet | « Koowáet |
Kyrgyzstan | Keergiston | Kéergiston |
« Bishkek | « Bishkek | « Bishkék |
Laos | Loqoes | Lóqoes |
« Vientiane | « Vyentyon | « Vyentyón |
Latvia | Lotveeya | Lótveeya |
« Riga | « Reega | « Réega |
Lebanon | Lebanon | Lébanon |
« Beirut | « Baeruet | « Baerúet |
Lesotho | Lasuetu | Lasúetu |
« Maseru | « Mosaru | « Mosarú |
Liberia | Liebeereeya | Liebéereeya |
« Monrovia | « Manroeveeya | « Manróeveeya |
Libya | Libeeya | Líbeeya |
« Tripoli | « Tripale | « Trípale |
Liechtenstein | Liktenstien | Líktenstien |
« Vaduz | « Voduets | « Vodúets |
Lithuania | Litthuewaeneeya | Lìtthuewáeneeya |
« Vilnius | « Vilneeyoos | « Vílneeyoos |
Luxembourg | Luksamberg | Lúksamberg |
« Luxembourg | « Luksamberg | « Lúksamberg |
Macedonia | Maasadoeneeya | Màasadóeneeya |
« Skopje | « Skaupyeq | « Skáupyeq |
Madagascar | Maadagaasker | Màadagáasker |
« Antananarivo | « Aantanaanareevo, Ontanonareevo | « Àantanaanaréevo, Òntanonaréevo |
Malawi | Malowe | Malówe |
« Lilongwe | « Lilaungwae | « Liláungwae |
Malaysia | Malaezha | Maláezha |
« Kuala Lumpur | « Kwola Loompoor | « Kwòla Loompóor |
Maldives | Mauldeevz | Máuldeevz |
« Malé | « Molae | « Mólae |
Mali | Mole | Móle |
« Bamako | « Baamako | « Báamako |
Malta | Maulta | Máulta |
« Valletta | « Valeta | « Valéta |
Marshall Islands | Morshal Ielandz | Mórshal Íelandz |
« Majuro | « Majuero (?) | « Majúero (?) |
Bikini | Bikeene | Bikéene |
Eniwetok | Eniweetok | Eniwéetok |
Kwajalein | Kwojalaen | Kwójalàen |
Mauritania | Mauritaeneeya | Màuritáeneeya |
« Nouakchott | « Nuewokshot | « Nuewókshot |
Mauritius | Maurishas | Mauríshas |
« Port Louis | « Paurt Luewis, Paurt Luewe | « Paurt Lúewis, Paurt Lúewe |
Mexico | Meksiko | Méksiko |
|
||
« Mexico City | « Meksiko Site | « Méksiko Síte |
Micronesia | Miekroeneezha | Mìekroenéezha |
Moldova | Mauldoeva | Mauldóeva |
Monaco | Monako | Monako |
Mongolia | Monggoeleeya | Monggóeleeya |
« Ulan Bator | « Uelon Botaur | « Úelon Bótaur |
Morocco | Maroko | Maróko |
« Rabat | « Rabot | « Rabót |
Mozambique | Moezaambeek | Moezaambéek |
« Maputo | « Mapueto | « Mapúeto |
Myanmar (see Burma) | ||
Namibia | Namibeeya | Namíbeeya |
« Windhoek | « Vintqhook | « Víntqhook |
Nauru | Noqueru (NOT Nouru) | Noqúeru (NOT Nóuru) |
Nepal | Napaul, Napol | Napául, Napól |
« Katmandu, Kathmandu | « Kaatmaandu, Kotmondu | « Kaatmaandú, Kotmondú |
Netherlands, The | Tha Netherlandz | Tha Nétherlandz |
« Amsterdam (royal and cultural); The Hague (governmental) | « Aamsterdaam, Tha Haeg | « Áamsterdàam, Tha Háeg |
Netherlands Antilles | Netherlandz Aantileez | Nétherlandz Aantíleez |
« Willemstad | « Vilamstot | « Vílamstòt |
Bonaire | Bonair | Bonáir |
Curacao | Kyoorasou | Kyóorasou |
Sint Eustatius | Sint Yuestaeshas | Sìnt Yuestáeshas |
Sint Maarten | Sint Mortan | Sìnt Mórtan |
Aruba | Arueba | Arúeba |
New Zealand | Nu Zeeland | Nu Zéeland |
« Wellington | « Welingtan | « Wélingtan |
Cook Islands | Kook Ielandz | Kòok Íelandz |
Niue | Neeyuewae | Neeyúewae |
Tokelau | Toekalou | Tóekalou |
Nicaragua | Nikarogwa (NOT Neekarrogwoq) | Nìkarógwa (NOT Nèekarrógwoq) |
« Managua | « Manogwa | « Manógwa |
Niger | Niejer | Níejer |
« Niamey | « Nyomae | « Nyomáe |
Nigeria | Niejeereeya | Niejéereeya |
« Abuja | « Abueja | « Abueja |
Norway | Naurwae | Náurwae |
« Oslo | « Ozlo | « Ózlo |
Lapland | Laaplaand | Láaplaand |
Svalbard | Svolbor | Svólbor |
Spitsbergen | Spitsbergan | Spítsbergan |
Oman | Oemon | Oemón |
« Muscat | « Muskaat | « Múskaat |
Pakistan | Paakistaan, Pokiston | Páakistaan, Pókiston |
« Islamabad | « Islomabod | « Islómabod |
Palau (also Belau) | Palou (Balou) | Palóu (Balóu) |
Palestine | Paalastien | Páalastien |
« Gaza | « Goza | « Góza |
Panama | Paanamoq | Páanamoq |
« Panama City | « Paanamoq Site | « Pàanamoq Síte |
Papua New Guinea | Popuewa Nu Gine | Pòpuewa Nu Gíne |
« Port Moresby | « Paurt Maurzbe | « Pàurt Máurzbe |
Bougainville | Bueganvil | Búeganvìl |
Paraguay | Paaragwi, Paaragwae | Páaragwì, Páaragwàe |
« Asunción | « Asuenseeyoen | « Asùenseeyóen |
Peru | Peru | Perú |
« Lima | « Leema | « Léema |
Philippines, The | Tha Filipeenz | Tha Fílipeenz |
« Manila | « Manila | « Maníla |
Poland | Poeland | Póeland |
« Warsaw | « Waursau | « Wáursau |
Portugal | Paurchagal | Páurchagal |
« Lisbon | « Lizban | « Lízban |
Macau (until 12/20/99, when it reverts to China) | Makou | Makóu |
Qatar | Koter | Kóter |
« Doha | « Doehoq | « Dóehoq |
Romania | Roemaeneeya | Roemáeneeya |
« Bucharest | « Buekarest | « Búekarest |
Moldavia | Moldaeveeya | Móldaeveeya |
Transylvania | Traansilvaeneeya | Tràansilváeneeya |
Wallachia | Wolaekeeya | Woláekeeya |
Russia | Rusha | Rúsha |
« Moscow | « Moskou | « Móskou |
Kamchatka Peninsula | Kaamchotka Paninsyoola | Kaamchótka Panínsyoola |
Novaya Zemlya | Noevaya Zemleeyoq | Nóevaya Zemleeyóq |
Siberia | Siebeereeya | Siebéereeya |
Rwanda | Ruewonda | Ruewónda |
« Kigali | « Keegole | « Keególe |
St. Kitts and Nevis | Saent Kits aand Neevis | Sàent Kíts aand Néevis |
« Basseterre | « Bostair | « Bostáir |
St. Lucia | Saent Luesha | Saent Lúesha |
« Castries | « Kaastreez | « Káastreez |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Saent Vinsant aand tha Grenadeenz | Sàent Vínsant aand tha Grénadeenz |
« Kingstown | « Kingztoun | « Kíngztoun |
Samoa | Samoewa | Samóewa |
« Apia | « Apeeya | « Apéeya |
San Marino | Saan Mareeno | Sàan Maréeno |
São Tomé and Principe | Sou Tamae aand Prinsipa | Sòu Tamáe aand Prínsipa |
« São Tomé | « Sou Tamae | « Sòu Tamáe |
Saudi Arabia | Saude / Soude Araebeeya | Sàude / Sóude Aráebeeya |
« Riyadh | « Reeyod | « Reeyód |
Hejaz | Hejaaz | Hejáaz |
Nejd | Nejd | Nejd |
Senegal | Senagol, Senagaul | Sénagol, Sénagaul |
« Dakar | « Dakor | « Dakór |
Seychelles | Saeshelz | Saeshélz |
« Victoria | « Viktaureeya | « Viktáureeya |
Sierra Leone | Seeyaira Leeyoen | Seeyàira Leeyóen |
« Freetown | « Freetoun | « Fréetoun |
Singapore | Singapaur | Síngapaur |
Slovakia | Sloevokeeya | Sloevókeeya |
« Bratislava | « Brotislova | « Bròtislóva |
Slovenia | Sloeveeneeya | Sloevéeneeya |
« Ljubljana | « Leeyuebleeyona | « Leeyùebleeyóna |
Solomon Islands | Solaman Ielandz | Sólaman Íelandz |
« Honiara | « Hoeneeyora | « Hòeneeyóra |
Guadalcanal | Gwodalkanaal | Gwòdalkanáal |
Somalia | Soemoleeya | Soemóleeya |
« Mogadishu | « Mogadishu, Moegadeeshu | « Mogadíshu, Mòegadéeshu |
South Africa | Soutth Aafrica | Soutth Áafrica |
« Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial) | « Pritaureeya, Kaep Toun, Bluemfontaen | « Pritáureeya, Káep Tòun, Blúemfontàen |
KwaZulu / Natal | KwoZuelu / Natol | KwoZúelu / Natól |
Spain | Spaen | Spaen |
« Madrid | « Madrid | « Madríd |
Sri Lanka | Sre / Shre Longka | Srè / Shrè Lóngka |
« Colombo | « Kalumbo | « Kalúmbo |
Sudan, The | Tha Suedaan / Suedon | Tha Suedáan / Suedón |
« Khartoum | « Kortuem | « Kortúem |
Suriname | Soorinom, Soorinoma, Soorinaam | Sóorinom, Soorinóma, Sóorinaam |
« Paramaribo | « Paaramaarabo | « Pàaramáarabo |
Swaziland | Swozeelaand | Swózeelàand |
« Mbabane | « Oombobone | « Oombobóne |
Note: The M in Mbabane is syllabic; that is, it is a nasal sound that is pronounced as a syllable to itself. No full vowel is really articulated before it; the OO sound I have supplied is closest to the sound a native speaker of English will hear. See "N'Djamena" at "Chad". | ||
Sweden | Sweedan | Swéedan |
« Stockholm | « Stokhoelm | « Stókhoelm |
Switzerland | Switserland | Swítserland |
« Bern | « Bern | « Bern |
Syria | Seereeya | Séereeya |
« Damascus | « Damaaskas | « Damáaskas |
Taiwan | Tiewon | Tiewón |
« Taipei | « Tiepae | « Tiepáe |
Tajikistan | Tajeekistaan | Tajéekistàan |
« Dushanbe | « Dushonba | « Dushónba |
Tanzania | Taanzaneeya | Tàanzanéeya |
« Dar es Salaam | « Dor es Salom | « Dòr es Salóm |
Zanzibar | Zaanzibor | Záanzibòr |
Thailand | Tielaand | Tíelaand |
« Bangkok | « Baangkok | « Báangkok |
Togo | Toego | Tóego |
« Lomé | « Loemae | « Loemáe |
Tonga | Tonga, Tongga | Tónga, Tóngga |
« Nukualofa | « Nuekuewolaufa | « Nùekuewoláufa |
Trinidad and Tobago | Trinidaad aand Tabaego | Trínidàad aand Tabáego |
« Port-of-Spain | « Paurt-uv-Spaen | « Pàurt-uv-Spáen |
Tunisia | Tueneezha | Tuenéezha |
« Tunis | « Tuenis | « Túenis |
Turkey | Terke | Térke |
« Ankara | « Aangkara | « Áangkara |
Anatolia | Aanatoeleeya | Àanatóeleeya |
Thrace | Tthraes | Tthraes |
Turkmenistan | Terkmenistaan, Tèrkmenistón | Terkménistaan, Tèrkmenistón |
« Ashgabat | « Oshgabot | « Òshgabót |
Tuvalu | Tuevalu | Túevalu |
« Funafuti | « Fuenafuete | « Fùenafúete |
Uganda | Yuegaanda, Uegonda | Yuegáanda, Uegónda |
« Kampala | « Kompola | « Kompóla |
Ukraine | Yuekraen | Yuekráen |
« Kiev | « Keeyef | « Kéeyef |
United Arab Emirates | Yoonietad Aarab Emarats | Yooníetad Áarab Émarats |
« Abu Dhabi | « Obu Dobe | « Óbu Dóbe |
Dubai | Dubi | Dubí |
Sharjah | Shorja | Shórja |
United Kingdom | Yoonietad Kingdam | Yoonìetad Kíngdam |
« London | « Lundan | « Lúndan |
Anguilla | Aanggwila | Aanggwíla |
Bermuda | Bermyueda | Bermyúeda |
British Virgin Islands | British Verjin Ielandz | Brítish Vèrjin Íelandz |
Cayman Islands | Kaeman Ielandz | Kàeman Íelandz |
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) | Faukland / Faulkland Ielandz (Eeslos Molveenos) | Fàukland / Fàulkland Íelandz (Éeslos Molvéenos) |
Gibraltar | Jibraulter | Jibráulter |
Montserrat | Montseraat | Mòntseráat |
Pitcairn Island | Pitkairn Ieland | Pìtkairn Íeland |
St. Helena | Saent Haleena | Sàent Haléena |
Tristan da Cunha | Tristan da Kuenya | Trìstan da Kùenya |
Turks and Caicos Islands | Terks aand Kaekas Ielandz | Tèrks aand Kàekas Íelandz |
United States | Yoonietad Staets | Yoonìetad Stáets |
« Washington | « Woshingtan | « Wóshingtan |
Uruguay | Yooragwae, Yooragwi | Yóoragwì, Yóoragwàe |
« Montevideo | « Montavidaeyo | « Mòntavidáeyo |
Uzbekistan | Oozbekistan | Oozbékistàn |
« Samarkand | « Saamarkaand | « Sáamarkàand |
Vanuatu | Vonuewotu | Vònuewótu |
« Port Vila | « Paurt Veela | « Pàurt Véela |
Vatican City | Vaatikan Site | Vàatikan Síte |
Venezuela | Venazwaila | Vènazwáila |
« Caracas | « Karokas | « Karókas |
Vietnam | Veeyetnom, Veeyetnaam | Veeyetnóm, Veeyetnáam |
« Hanoi | « Haanoi, Hanoi | « Haanói, Hanói |
Western Sahara (claimed and occupied by Morocco) | Western Sahaara / Sahora | Wèstern Saháara / Sahóra |
Yemen | Yaeman, Yeman | Yáeman, Yéman |
« Sanaá, San'a | « Sanoq / Saanoq | « Sanóq / Sáana |
Yugoslavia | Yuegoesloveeya | Yùegoeslóveeya |
« Belgrade | « Belgraed | « Bélgraed |
Zambia | Zaambeeya | Záambeeya |
« Lusaka | « Lusoka | « Lusóka |
Zimbabwe | Zimbobwae | Zimbóbwae |
« Harare | « Harorae | « Harórae |
Note: Country appears in first column only, for information purposes only, inasmuch as country names have already been transliterated, in Table 1.
Standard Spelling (T.O.) | Fanetik | Augméntad Fanétik |
Acapulco, Mexico | Okapoolko | Òkapóolko |
Adana, Turkey | Odona | Ódonoq |
Aden, Yemen | Aedan | Áedan |
Agra, India | Ogra | Ógra |
Aguascalientes, Mexico | Ogwoskoleeyentes | Ògwoskoleeyéntes |
Ahmadabad, India | Omadabod | Ómadabòd |
Al Basrah, Iraq (see "Basra") | ||
Aleppo, Syria | Alepo | Alépo |
Alexandria, Egypt | Aalagzaandreeya | Àalagzáandreeya |
Allahabad, India | ||
Amritsar, India | Aamritser | Aamrítser |
Anshan, China | ||
Antioch (Antakya), Turkey | ||
Antofagasta, Chile | ||
Antwerp, Belgium | Aantwerp | Áantwerp |
Archangel, Russia | Orkaenjal | Órkaenjal |
Arequipa, Peru | ||
Astrakhan, Russia | ||
Aswan, Egypt | ||
Auckland, New Zealand | Aukland | Áukland |
Bacalod City, The Philippines | ||
Baguio, The Philippines | ||
Bandung, Indonesia | ||
Bangalore, India | Baangalaur | |
Baotou, China | ||
Barcelona, Spain | Borsaloena | Bòrsalóena |
Bari, Italy | ||
Baroda, India | ||
Barquisimeto, Venezuela | ||
Barranquilla, Colombia | Baarankeeya | Bàarankéeya |
Basel, Switzerland | ||
Basra, Iraq | Bosra, Bozra | Bósra, Bózra |
Beijing, China | Baejing | Baejíng |
Belem, Brazil | ||
Belo Horizonte, Brazil | ||
Benghazi, Libya | Benggoze | Benggóze |
Bergen, Norway | Bergan | Bérgan |
Bhopal, India | ||
Bilbao, Spain | ||
Bologna, Italy | Baloenya | Balóenya |
Bombay (Mumbai), India | Bombáe | |
Bordeaux, France | Baurdo | Baurdó |
Botou, China | ||
Bremen, Germany | ||
Brisbane, Australia | Brizban | Brízban |
Bulaweyo, Zimbabwe | ||
Bursa, Turkey | ||
Cagayan de Oro City, The Philippines | ||
Calcutta, India | Kaalkuta | Kaalkúta |
Cali, Colombia | Kole | Kóle |
Callao, Peru | ||
Caloocan City, The Philippines | ||
Cam Ranh, Vietnam | ||
Cape Town, South Africa | Kaep Toun | Káep Tòun |
Caracas, Venezuela | Karokas | Karókas |
Casablanca, Morocco | ||
Cebu City, The Philippines | ||
Chandigarh, India | ||
Changchun, China | ||
Chelyabinsk, Russia | ||
Chengdu, China | ||
Chiba, Japan | ||
Chihuahua, Mexico | Chiwowa | Chiwówa |
Chittagong, Bangladesh | ||
Chongqing, China | ||
Christchurch, New Zealand | Kriesqcherch | Kríesqcherch |
Ciudad Juárez, Mexico | ||
Cochabamba, Bolivia | Koechabomba | Kòechabómba |
Coimbatore, India | ||
Cologne (Köln), Germany | Kaloen (Koaln / Koeln) | Kalóen (Koaln / Koeln) |
Córdoba, Argentina | Kaurdaba | Káurdaba |
Córdoba, Spain | Kaurdaba | Káurdaba |
Cork, Ireland | Kaurk | Kaurk |
Curitiba, Brazil | ||
Czestochowa, Poland | ||
Da Nang, Vietnam | ||
Dalian, China | ||
Davao City, The Philippines | ||
Delhi, India | Dele | Déle |
Dneprpetrovsk, Ukraine | ||
Donetsk, Ukraine | ||
Dongguan, China | ||
Douala, Cameroon | ||
Dresden, Germany | Drezdan | Drézdan |
Durban, South Africa | Derban | Dérban |
Düsseldorf, Germany | ||
Ensenada, Mexico | Ensanoda | Ènsanóda |
Esfahan, Iran | ||
Essen, Germany | Esan | Ésan |
Faisalabad, Pakistan | ||
Fes (Fez), Morocco | ||
Florence (Firenze), Italy | Florans (Feerentsae) | Flórans (Feeréntsae) |
Fortaleza, Brazil | Faurtalaeza | Fàurtaláeza |
Frankfurt am Main, Germany | Fraangkfert / Fronkfoort om Mien | Fráangkfert / Frónkfoort om Míen |
Fukuoka, Japan | ||
Fushun, China | ||
Gdansk, Poland | ||
Geneva, Switzerland | Janeeva | Janéeva |
Genoa, Italy | Jenoewa | Jénoewa |
Germiston, South Africa | Jermistan | Jérmistan |
Giza, Egypt | Geeza | Géeza |
Goiânia, Brazil | ||
Göteborg, Sweden | ||
Groznyy, Russia | ||
Guadalajara, Mexico | Gwodalahora | Gwòdalahóra |
Guangzhou (Canton), China | ||
Guayaquil, Ecuador | Gwieyakeel | Gwìeyakéel |
Guiyang, China | ||
Gujranwala, Pakistan | ||
Gwalior, India | ||
Haiphong, Vietnam | ||
Hamburg, Germany | Haamberg, Homboorg | Háamberg, Hómboorg |
Hangzhou, China | ||
Hannover, Germany | Haanoever | Háanoever |
Harbin, China | Horbin, Horbeen | Hórbin, Horbéen |
Heidelberg, Germany | Hiedalberg | Híedalbèrg |
Hermosillo, Mexico | ||
Hiroshima, Japan | ||
Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), Vietnam | Ho Che Min Site (Siegon) | Hó Che Min Síte (Siegón) |
Howrah, India | ||
Huainan, China | ||
Hue, Vietnam | ||
Hyderabad, India | ||
Hyderabad, Pakistan | ||
Ibadan, Nigeria | ||
Iloilo, The Philippines | ||
Inchon, South Korea | Inchon | Ínchon |
Indore, India | ||
Iquitos, Peru | Ikeetoes | Ikeetoes |
Irkutsk, Russia | ||
Istanbul, Turkey | ||
Izmir, Turkey | ||
Jaffna, Sri Lanka | ||
Jaipur, India | ||
Jerez de la Frontera, Spain | Heres dae loq Froentaira | Héres dae loq Froentáira |
Jiddah, Saudi Arabia | Jida | Jída |
Jilin, China | ||
Jinan, China | ||
Jodhpur, India | Jodper, Jodpoor | Jódper, Jódpoor |
Johannesburg, South Africa | Joehaanasberg | Joeháanasberg |
Kaesong, North Korea | ||
Kano, Nigeria | ||
Kanpur, India | ||
Kaosiung, Taiwan | ||
Karachi, Pakistan | Karoche | Karóche |
Kawasaki, Japan | ||
Kazan, Russia | Kazaan, Kazon | Kazáan, Kazón |
Khabarovsk, Russia | ||
Kharkov, Ukraine | ||
Kimberley, South Africa | Kimberle | Kímberlè |
Kirkuk, Iraq | ||
Kisangani (formerly Stanleyville), Dem. Rep. of the Congo | ||
Kitakyushu, Japan | ||
Kobe, Japan | ||
Köln (Cologne), Germany | Koaln, Koeln | Koaln, Koeln |
Krakow, Poland | ||
Krasnodar, Russia | ||
Krasnoyarsk, Russia | ||
Krivoy Rog, Ukraine | ||
Kunming, China | ||
Kwangju, South Korea | ||
Kyoto, Japan | ||
Lvov, Ukraine | Lavov, Lavof | Lavóv, Lavóf |
Lagos, Nigeria | Laegos / Laegoes (NOT Logoes) | Láegos / Láegoes (NOT Lógoes) |
Lahore, Pakistan | Lahaur | Laháur |
Lanzhou, China | ||
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain | ||
Lausanne, Switzerland | ||
Leipzig, Germany | ||
Lodz, Poland | ||
Lublin, Poland | ||
Lubumbashi (formerly Elisabethville), Dem. Rep. of the Congo | ||
Lucknow, India | ||
Lyon, France | ||
Maastricht, The Netherlands | ||
Madras, India | Madros | Madrós |
Magnitogorsk, Russia | ||
Makati, The Philippines | ||
Malmö, Sweden | ||
Manaus, Brazil | ||
Mandalay, Burma | Mandalae | Mandaláe |
Manukau, New Zealand | ||
Maracaibo, Venezuela | ||
Marrakech, Morocco | ||
Marseille, France | Morsae | Morsáe |
Mashhad, Iran | ||
Matamoros, Mexico | ||
Mazatlán, Mexico | ||
Mecca, Saudi Arabia | Meka | Méka |
Medan, Indonesia | ||
Medellín, Colombia | Medayeen | Medayéen |
Medina, Saudi Arabia | Madeena | Madéena |
Mérida, Mexico | ||
Mexicali, Mexico | ||
Milan, Italy | Milon | Milón |
Mombasa, Kenya | ||
Monterrey, Mexico | Monterae | Monteráe |
Mosul, Iraq | ||
Multan, Pakistan | ||
Munich, Germany | Myuenik | Myúenik |
Münster | ||
Murmansk, Russia | ||
Nagano, Japan | ||
Nagasaki, Japan | Naagasaake, Nogasoke | Nàagasáake, Nògasóke |
Nagoya, Japan | Nagoiya | Nagóiya |
Nagpur, India | ||
Nanchang, China | ||
Nanjing (Nanking), China | ||
Naples (Napoli), Italy | Naepoolz (Nopale) | Náepoolz (Nópale) |
Netzahaulcóyotl, Mexico | ||
Nice, France | Nees | Nees |
Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia | ||
Novgorod, Russia | ||
Novosibirsk, Russia | ||
Nuevo Laredo, Mexico | Nwaevo Laraedo | Nwáevo Laráedo |
Nürnberg (Nuremberg), Germany | ||
Odessa, Ukraine | Oedésa | Oedésa |
Omsk, Russia | ||
Osaka, Japan | ||
Palembgang, Indonesia | ||
Palermo, Italy | ||
Panama City, Panama | ||
Paris, France | ||
Patna, India | ||
Perm, Russia | ||
Peshawar, Pakistan | ||
Pietermaritzburg, South Africa | ||
Pongxiang, China | ||
Poona, India | ||
Port Elizabeth, South Africa | ||
Port Harcourt, Nigeria | ||
Port Said, Egypt | ||
Porto (Oporto), Portugal | Paurto (Oepaurto) | Páurto (Oepáurto) |
Porto Alegre, Brazil | Paurto Alaegre | Páurto Aláegre |
Potsdam, Germany | Potsdaam | Potsdaam |
Poznan, Poland | ||
Pristina (Kosovo), Yugoslavia | ||
Pskov, Russia | ||
Puebla de Zaragoza, Mexico | ||
Pusan, South Korea | ||
Qingdao (Tsingtao), China | Chingdou (Tsingdou) | Chíngdou (Tsíngdou) |
Qiqihar, China | ||
Qom, Iran | ||
Quezon City, The Philippines | ||
Rawalpindi, Pakistan | ||
Recife, Brazil | ||
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | ||
Rostov, Russia | ||
Rotterdam, The Netherlands | Roterdaam | Róterdaam |
Ryazan, Russia | ||
Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), Russia | Saent Peeterzberg | Sàent Péeterzberg |
Salerno, Italy | Salairno | Saláirno |
Saltillo, Mexico | Saulteeyo | Saultéeyo |
Salvador, Brazil | Saalvadaur | Sáalvadaur, Saalvadáur |
Samara, Russia | ||
San Luis Potosí, Mexico | Son Luewees Poetoese | Sòn Luewées Poetoesé |
Santiago de Cuba, Cuba | ||
São Paulo, Brazil | ||
Sapporo, Japan | Sapauro | Sapáuro |
Saragoza, Spain | Soragoesa | Sòragóesa |
Saratov, Russia | ||
Sczcecin, Poland | ||
Semarang, Indonesia | ||
Sevastopol, Ukraine | ||
Seville, Spain | Savil | Savìl |
Shanghai, China | Shaanghi | Sháanghi |
Shaoxing, China | ||
Shenyang, China | ||
Shijiazhuang, China | ||
Shiraz, Iran | ||
Simferopol, Ukraine | ||
Smolensk, Russia | ||
Soweto, South Africa | ||
Srinigar, Kashmir, India | ||
Strasbourg, France | ||
Stuttgart, Germany | ||
Sucre, Bolivia | ||
Suez, Egypt | Suewez | Súewez |
Surabaya, Indonesia | ||
T'ver, Russia | ||
Tabriz, Iran | ||
Taegu, South Korea | ||
Tai'an, China | ||
Tainan, Taiwan | ||
Taiyuan, China | ||
Tampico, Mexico | Taampeeko | Taampéeko |
Tangier, Morocco | Taanjeer | Taanjéer |
Tangshan, China | ||
Tarsus, Turkey | Torsas | Tórsas |
Thon Buri, Thailand | ||
Tianjin (Tientsin), China | ||
Tijuana, Mexico | Teehwona (commonly, but incorrectly, Teeyawona) | Teehwóna (commonly, but incorrectly, Teeyawóna) |
Timisoara, Romania | ||
Tlalnepantla de Galeana, Mexico | ||
Tomsk, Russia | ||
Toulouse, France | ||
Tripoli, Lebanon | ||
Turin, Italy | ||
Ufa, Russia | ||
Ujung Pandang, Indonesia | ||
Uppsala, Sweden | ||
Valencia, Spain | ||
Valencia, Venezuela | ||
Vallodolid, Spain | ||
Varanasi, India | ||
Venice (Venezia), Italy | Venis (Vanetseeya) | Vénis (Vanétseeya) |
Veracruz, Mexico | Veerakruez | Vèerakrúez |
Verona, Italy | Veroena | Veróena |
Vladimir, Russia | ||
Vladivostok, Russia | ||
Volgograd (former Stalingrad), Russia | Voelgagraad | Vóelgagràad |
Voronezh, Russia | ||
Wes-Rand, South Africa | ||
Wroclaw, Poland | ||
Wuhan, China | ||
Xi'an, China | ||
Yaroslavl, Russia | ||
Yekaterinburg, Russia | ||
Yokohama, Japan | Yoekahoma | Yòekahóma |
Zacatecas, Mexico | Zaakataekas, Sokataekas | Zàakatáekas, Sòkatáekas |
Zamboanga City, The Philippines | ||
Zaozhuang, China | ||
Zaporozh'ye, Ukraine | ||
Zhengzhou, China | ||
Zibo, China | ||
Zürich, Switzerland | Zuerik, Tsuurik | Zúerik, Tsúurik |
Standard Spelling (T.O.) | Fanetik | Augméntad Fanétik |
Australia / Austráilya States / Staets |
||
New South Wales | Nu Soutth Wailz | Nù Soutth Wáilz |
Queensland | Kweenzland | Kwéenzland |
South Australia | Soutth Austrailya | Sóutth Austràilya |
Tasmania | Taazmaeneeya | Taazmáeneeya |
Victoria | Viktaureeya | Viktáureeya |
Western Australia | Western Austrailya | Wéstern Austràilya |
Territories / Téritàureez | ||
Australian Capital Territory | Austrailyan Kaapital Teritaure | Austráilyan Káapital Téritàure |
Northern Territory | Naurthern Teritaure | Náurthern Téritàure |
Canada / Káanada Provinces / Próvinsaz |
||
Alberta | Aalberta | Aalbérta |
British Columbia | British Kalumbeeya | Brìtish Kalúmbeeya |
Manitoba | Maanitoeba | Màanitòeba |
New Brunswick | Nu Brunzwik | Nu Brúnzwik |
Newfoundland | Nuefandland, Nuefoundlaand | Núefandland, Nùefoundláand, Nuefóundland |
Nova Scotia | Noeva Skoesha | Nòeva Skóesha |
Ontario | Ontaireeyo | Ontáireeyò |
Prince Edward Island | Prins Edwerd Ieland | Prìns Edwerd Íeland |
Québec | Kabek, Kweebek | Kabék, Kweebék |
Saskatchewan | Saaskaachawon, Saaskaachawan | Saaskáachawòn, Saaskáachawan |
Territories / Téritàureez | ||
Northwest Territories | Naurtthwest Teritaureez | Nàurtthwest Téritaureez |
Nunavut | Nuenavuet | Núenavùet |
Yukon | Yuekon | Yúekon |
Ireland / Ieyerland Traditional Provinces / Tradíshanal Próvinsaz |
||
Connacht | Konaut | Kónaut |
Leinster | Lenster | Lénster |
Munster | Munster | Múnster |
Ulster | Ulster | Úlster |
Counties | ||
Carlow | Korlo | Kórlo |
Cavan | Kaavan | Káavan |
Clare | Klair | Klair |
Cork | Kaurk | Kaurk |
Donegal | Donigaul | Dónigàul |
Dublin | Dublin | Dúblin |
Galway | Gaulwae | Gaulwae |
Kerry | Kere | Kére |
Kildare | Kildair | Kildáir |
Kilkenny | Kilkene | Kilkéne |
Leitrim | Leetrim | Léetrim |
Leix / Laois / Laoighis | Laeks / Laeyish / Laesh / Leesh (!) | Laeks / Láeyish / Laesh / Leesh |
Limerick | Limerik | Límerìk |
Longford | Laungfard | Láungfard |
Louth | Loutth | Loutth |
Mayo | Maeyo | Máeyo |
Meath | Meetth, Meeth | Meetth, Meeth |
Monaghan | Monagan, Monahan, Monahaan | Mónagan, Mónahan, Mónahàan |
Offaly | Aufale, Ofale | Áufale, Ófale |
Roscommon | Roskoman | Roskóman |
Sligo | Sliego | Slíego |
Tipperary | Tiperaire | Tìperáire |
Waterford | Wauterfard, Woterfard | Wáuterfard, Wóterfard |
Westmeath | Westmeetth, Westmeeth | Wéstmeetth, Wéstmeeth |
Wexford | Weksfard | Weksfard |
Wicklow | Wiklo | Wíklo |
Traditional Counties of Northern Ireland (not now used by the British as administrative districts) / Tradíshanl Kóunteez uv Nàurthern Íeyerland (not nou yuezd bi tha Brítish aaz aadmìnistráetiv dístrikts) | ||
Antrim | Aantrim | Áantrim |
Armagh | Ormoq | Ormóq |
Down | Doun | Doun |
Fermanagh | Fermaana | Fermáana |
Londonderry | Lundandere | Lúndandère |
Tyrone | Tieroen | Tieróen |
United States of America / Yoonietad Staets uv Amairika States / Staets |
||
Alabama | Aalabaama | Àalabáama |
Alaska | Alaaska | Aláaska |
Arizona | Aarizoena | Àarizóena |
Arkansas | Orkansau | Órkansàu |
California | Kaalifaurnya | Kàalifáurnya |
Colorado | Kolarodo, Kolaraado | Kòlaródo, Kòlaráado |
Connecticut | Kanetikat | Kanétikat |
Delaware | Delawair | Délawàir |
Florida | Florida | Flórida |
Georgia | Jaurja | Jáurja |
Hawaii / Hawai'i | Hawieye, Hawie-e | Hawíeye, Hawíe-e |
Idaho | Iedaho | Íedaho |
Illinois | Ilinoi | Ilinói |
Indiana | Indeeyaana | Ìndeeyáana |
Iowa | Ieyawa | Íeyawa |
Kansas | Kaanzas | Káanzas |
Kentucky | Kantuke | Kantúke |
Louisiana | Lueweezeeyaana | Luewèezeeyáana |
Maine | Maen | Maen |
Maryland | Maariland | Máariland |
Massachusetts | Maasachuesats | Màasachúesats |
Michigan | Mishigan | Míshigan |
Minnesota | Minasoeta | Mìnasóeta |
Mississippi | Misisipe | Mìsisípe |
Missouri | Mizuere | Mizúere |
Montana | Montaana | Montáana |
Nebraska | Nabraaska | Nabráaska |
Nevada | Navoda, Navaada | Navóda, Naváada |
New Hampshire | Nu Haampsher | Nu Háampsher |
New Jersey | Nu Jerze | Nu Jérze |
New Mexico | Nu Meksiko | Nu Méksikò |
New York | Nu Yaurk | Nu Yáurk |
North Carolina | Naurtth Kaaraliena | Náurtth Kàaralíena |
North Dakota | Naurtth Dakoeta | Nàurtth Dakóeta |
Ohio | Oehieyo | Oehíeyo |
Oklahoma | Oeklahoema | Òeklahóema |
Oregon | Auragon, Auragan | Áuragòn, Áuragan |
Pennsylvania | Pensalvaenya | Pènsalváenya |
Rhode Island | Roed Ieland | Ròed Íeland |
South Carolina | Soutth Kaaraliena | Sóutth Kàaralíena |
South Dakota | Soutth Dakoeta | Sòutth Dakóeta |
Tennessee | Tenase | Tènasé |
Texas | Teksas | Téksas |
Utah | Yuetoq | Yúetoq |
Vermont | Vermont | Vermónt |
Virginia | Verjinya | Verjínya |
Washington | Woshingtan | Wóshingtan |
West Virginia | West Verjinya | Wèst Verjínya |
Wisconsin | Wiskonsin | Wiskónsin |
Wyoming | Wieyoeming | Wieyóeming |
Non-state Territories / Nón-staet Téritàureez | ||
District of Columbia | Distrikt uv Kalumbeeya | Dístrikt uv Kalúmbeeya |
American Samoa | Amairikan Samoewa | Amáirikan Samóewa |
Guam | Gwom | Gwom |
Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of the | Naurthern Maareeyaana Ielandz, Komanweltth uv tha | Náurthern Màareeyáana Íelandz, Kómanwèltth uv tha |
Puerto Rico, Commonwealth of | Pwairto Reeko / Paurto Reeko [pranounst Paurtareeko], Komanweltth uv | Pwàirto Réeko / Páurto Réeko [pranounst Pàurtaréeko], Kómanwèltth uv |
U.S. Virgin Islands | Y.S. Verjin Ielandz | Y.S. Vèrjin Íelandz |
United Kingdom / Yooníetad Kíngdam Major Geographic Divisions / Maejer Jeeyagraafik Divizhanz |
||
Channel Islands | Chaanal Ielandz | Chàanal Íelandz |
England | Inggland | Ínggland |
Isle of Man | Ieyal uv Maan | Ìeyal uv Máan |
Northern Ireland | Naurthern Ieyerland | Nàurthern Íeyerland |
Scotland |
Skotland | Skótland |
Wales | Wailz | Wailz |
Counties of England / Kounteez uv Inggland | ||
Avon | Aevan, Aavan | Áevan, Áavan |
Bedfordshire | Bedfardsheer / -sher | Bédfardshèer / -sher |
Berkshire | ||
Buckinghamshire | ||
Cambridgeshire | ||
Cheshire | ||
Cleveland | ||
Cornwall | ||
Cumbria | ||
Derbyshire | ||
Devon | ||
Dorset | ||
Durham | ||
East Sussex | ||
Essex | ||
Gloucestershire | ||
Hampshire | ||
Hereford and Worcester | ||
Hertfordshire | ||
Humberside | ||
Isle of Wight | ||
Isles of Scilly | ||
Kent | ||
Lancashire | ||
Leicestershire | ||
Lincolnshire | ||
London, Greater | ||
Manchester, Greater | ||
Merseyside | ||
Norfolk | ||
Northamptonshire | ||
Northumberland | ||
Nottinghamshire | ||
Oxfordshire | ||
Shropshire | ||
Somerset | ||
Staffordshire | ||
Suffolk | ||
Surrey | ||
Sussex, East | ||
Sussex, West | ||
Tyne and Wear | ||
Warwickshire | ||
West Midlands | ||
Wiltshire | ||
Yorkshire, North | ||
Yorkshire, South | ||
Yorkshire, West | ||
Former Kingdoms and Regions of Britain |
||
Danelaw | ||
East Anglia | ||
Mercia | ||
Northumbria | ||
Wessex | ||
|
Standard Spelling (T.O.) | Fanetik | Augméntad Fanétik |
Standard Spelling (T.O.) | Fanetik | Augméntad Fanétik |
Continents / Kóntinènts |
||
Africa | Aafrika | Áafrika |
America
North America South America |
Amairika
Naurtth Soutth |
Amáirika
Naurtth Soutth |
Antarctica | Aantorktika | Aantórktika |
Australia | Austrailya | Austráilya |
Eurasia
Asia Europe |
Yooraezha
Aezha Yuerap |
Yooráezha
Áezha Yúerap |
Oceania | Oesheeyaaneeya | Òesheeyáaneeya |
Oceans and Seas / Óeshanz aand Seez |
||
Adriatic Sea | Aedreeyaatik / Aadreeyaatik | Àedreeyáatik / Àadreeyáatik |
Aegean Sea | Ijeeyan | Ijéeyan |
Andaman Sea | Aandaman | Áandaman |
Arafura Sea | Aarafoora | Àarafóora |
Arctic Ocean | Orktik | Orktik |
Atlantic Ocean | Aatlaantik | Aatláantik |
Baltic Sea | Baultik | Báultik |
Bay of Bengal | Bae uv Bengaul | Bae uv Bengául |
Bay of Biscay | Bae uv Biskae / Biske | Bae uv Bískae / Bíske |
Bering Sea | Bairing | Báiring |
Black Sea | Blaak | Blaak |
Caribbean Sea | Kaaribeeyan / Karibeeyan | Kàaribéeyan / Karíbeeyan |
Coral Sea | Koral | Kóral |
East China Sea | Eest Chiena | Eest Chíena |
Gulf of Mexico | Gulf uv Meksiko | Gulf uv Méksiko |
Gulf of Carpentaria | Gulf uv Korpantaireeya | Gulf uv Kórpantáireeya |
Gulf of Aden | Gulf uv Aedan | Gulf uv Aedan |
Hudson Bay | Hudsan Bae | Húdsan Bae |
Indian Ocean | Indeeyan Oeshan | Índeeyan Óeshan |
Ionian Sea | Ieyoeneeyan See | Ieyóeneeyan See |
Irish Sea | Ierish See | Ìerish See |
Mediterranean Sea | Mediteraeneeyan See | Mèditeráeneeyan See |
North Sea | Naurtth See | Naurtth See |
Pacific Ocean | Pasifik Oshan | Pasífik Óshan |
Persian Gulf / Sea of Arabia | Perzhan Gulf / See uv Araebeeya | Pérzhan Gulf / See uv Aráebeeya |
Philippine Sea | Filipeen See | Fílipeen See |
Red Sea | Red See | Red See |
Sargasso Sea | Sorgaaso See | Sorgáaso See |
Scotia Sea | Skoesha See | Skóesha See |
Sea of Japan | See uv Japaan | See uv Japáan |
Sea of Okhotsk | See uv Oekotsk | See uv Oekótsk |
Solomon Sea | ||
South China Sea | ||
Sulu Sea | ||
Tasman Sea | ||
Tyrrhenian Sea | ||
Yellow Sea | ||
Peninsulas |
||
Alaska Peninsula | ||
Arabian Peninsula | ||
Asia Minor | ||
Baja California | ||
Balkan Peninsula | ||
Brittany | ||
Cape Cod | ||
Chukchi Peninsula | ||
Delmarva Peninsula | ||
Horn of Africa | ||
Iberian Peninsula | ||
Indochina | ||
Kamchatka | ||
Labrador | ||
Malay Peninsula | ||
Normandy | ||
Scandinavia | ||
Seward Peninsula | ||
Yucatan Peninsula | ||
Islands |
||
Alcatraz | ||
Alexander Island | ||
Andros Island | ||
Anticosti Island | ||
Axel Heiberg Island | ||
Baffin Island | ||
Banks Island | ||
Borneo / Kalimantan | ||
Cape Breton | ||
Celebes / Sulawesi | ||
Ceylon / Lanka | ||
Christmas Island | ||
Corregidor | ||
Corsica | ||
Corsica | ||
Crete | ||
Cuba | ||
Culebra | ||
Cyprus | ||
Devon Island | ||
Easter Island | ||
Elba | ||
Eleuthera | ||
Ellesmere Island | ||
Galapagos Islands | ||
Grand Bahama | ||
Grand / Little Cayman | ||
Great Inagua | ||
Great Abaco | ||
Great Britain | ||
Greenland | ||
Hainan | ||
Hawaii | ||
Hispaniola | ||
Hokkaido | ||
Honshu | ||
Iceland | ||
Ireland | ||
Isla de Margarita | ||
Isle Royale | ||
Jamaica | ||
Java | ||
Kauai | ||
Kodiak | ||
Kyushu | ||
Lesbos / Lesvos | ||
Long Island | ||
Luzon | ||
Madagascar | ||
Manhattan | ||
Manitioulin Island | ||
Marajó | ||
Martha's Vineyard | ||
Maui | ||
Melville Island | ||
Mindanao | ||
Mindoro | ||
Molokai | ||
Mykonos | ||
Nantucket Island | ||
Negros | ||
New Providence Island | ||
New Ireland | ||
New Britain | ||
New Caledonia | ||
New Guinea | ||
Newfoundland | ||
Niihau | ||
Nordaustlandet (Northeast Land, Svalbard, Norway) | ||
North Island | ||
Novaya Zemlya (northern island) | ||
Oahu | ||
Palawan | ||
Panay | ||
Prince Edward Island | ||
Prince of Wales Island | ||
Puerto Rico | ||
Rhode Island | ||
Rhodes / Ródhos | ||
Sakhalin | ||
Samar | ||
Samos | ||
Santa Catalina | ||
Sardinia | ||
Shikoku | ||
Sicily | ||
Socotra | ||
Somerset Island | ||
South Island (New Zealand) | ||
Southampton Island | ||
Spitsbergen | ||
St. Thomas | ||
St. John | ||
St. Croix | ||
Staten Island | ||
Sumatra | ||
Tahiti | Taheete | Tahéete |
Taiwan | ||
Tasmania | ||
Tierra del Fuego | ||
Timor | ||
Tortola | ||
Vancouver Island | ||
Victoria Island | ||
Vieques | ||
Virgin Gorda | ||
Viri Levu | ||
Wrangel | ||
Mountains |
||
Cerro / Mount Aconcagua | ||
Annapurna | ||
Mount Ararat | ||
Mont Blanc | ||
Bunker Hill | ||
Citlaltépetl | ||
El'brus | ||
Mount Etna | ||
Mount Everest | ||
Fujiyama | ||
Jungfrau | ||
K2 (Mount Godwin Austen) | ||
Mount Kilimanjaro | ||
Matterhorn, The | ||
Mauna Kea | ||
Mauna Loa | ||
Lookout Mountain | ||
Mount McKinley / Denali | ||
Pikes Peak | ||
Mount Pinatubo | ||
Mount Rainier | ||
Mount St. Helens | ||
Mount Shasta | ||
Mount Vesuvius | ||
Mount Washington | ||
Mount Whitney | ||
Rivers |
||
Allegheny | Aalagaene | Àalagáene |
Amazon | Aamazon | Áamazon |
Amu Darya / Oxus | Omu Dorya / Oksas | Ómu Dorya / Óksas |
Amur | Omoor | Omóor |
Arkansas | Orkaanzas, Orkansau | Orkáanzas, Órkansau |
Assiniboine | Asinaboin | Asínaboin |
Brahmaputra | Bromapuetra | Bròmapúetra |
Brazos | Brozoes | Bròzoes |
Canadian | Kanaedeeyan | Kanáedeeyan |
Charles | Chorlz | Chorlz |
Churchill | Cherchal | Chérchal |
Clyde | Klied | Klied |
Colorado | Kolarodo | Kòlaródo |
Columbia | Kalumbeeya | Kalúmbeeya |
Congo / Zaire | Kongo / Zoyeer | Kóngo / Zoyéer |
Danube | Daanyueb | Dáanyueb |
Darling | Dorling | Dórling |
Delaware | Delawair | Délawàir |
Dnieper | Neeper | Néeper |
Dniester | Neester | Néester |
Don | Don | Don |
Euphrates | Yuefraeteez | Yuefráeteez |
Fraser | Fraezer | Fráezer |
Ganges | Gaanjeez | Gáanjeez |
Hooghly | Huegle | Húegle |
Hudson | Hudsan | Húdsan |
Humber | Humber | Húmber |
Indus | Indas | Índas |
Irrawaddy | Irawode | Ìrawóde |
Lena | Leena | Léena |
Mackenzie | Makenze | Makénze |
Mekong | Maekong | Máekong |
Mississippi | Misisipe | Mìsisípe |
Missouri | Mizuere | Mizúere |
Monongahela | Manonggaheela | Manònggahéela |
Murray | Mure | Mure |
Negro | Naegro | Náegro |
Nelson | Nelsan | Nélsan |
Niger | Niejer | Niejer |
Nile | Nieyal | Níeyal |
Dvina | Dveena | Dvéena |
Ob-Irtysh | Ob-Irtish | Òb-Irtísh |
Oder-Neisse | Oeder-Niesa | Òeder-Níesa |
Ohio | Oehieyo | Oehíeyo |
Oka | Oekoq | Oekóq |
Orinoco | Aurinoeko | Àurinóeko |
Paraguay | Paaragwi, Paaragwae | Páaragwì, Páaragwàe |
Paraná | Paaranoq | Pàaranóq |
Peace | Pees | Pees |
Pecos | Paekoes | Paekoes |
Platte | Plaat | Plaat |
Potomac | Patoemak | Patóemak |
Red | Red | Red |
Rhine | Rien | Rien |
Rhone | Roen | Roen |
Rio Grande / Rio Bravo del Norte | Reeyo Graand / Reeyo Brovo del Naurtae | Rèeyo Gráand / Ràeyo Bróvo del Náurtae |
São Francisco | Sou Fraansisko | Sòu Fraansísko |
Saskatchewan | Saaskaachawon | Sâaskáachawòn |
Seine | Sen, Saen | Sen, Saen |
Shannon | Shaanan | Sháanan |
Shatt-al-Arab | Shot-aal-Aarab | Shòt-aal-Áarab |
Snake | Snaek | Snaek |
St. Lawrence | Saent Lorans | Sàent Lórans |
Syr Darya / Jaxartes (ancient name) | Seer Dorya | Séer Dórya |
Thames (England first, Connecticut second) | Temz, Tthaemz | Temz, Tthaemz |
Tigris | Tiegris | Tíegris |
Tocantins | Toekanteenz | Tòekantéenz |
Tweed | Tweed | Tweed |
Ural | Yooral | Yóoral |
Uruguay | Yooragwi, Yooragwae | Yóoragwì, Yóoragwàe |
Volga | Voelga | Vóelga |
Xi / Si / Hsi | She | She |
Yangtze Kiang / Chang Jiang | Yaangtse Kyong / Chong Jong | Yáangtse Kyong / Chong Jong |
Yellow / Huang He | Yelo / Hwong Hae | Yélo / Hwong Hae |
Yellowstone | Yeloestoen | Yéloestòen |
Yenisey | Yenisae | Yènisáe |
Yukon | Yuekon | Yúekon |
Zambezi | Zaambeeze | Zaambéeze |
Lakes |
||
Lake Albert | ||
Aral Sea | ||
Lake Athabasca | ||
Lake Baikal | ||
Lake Balaton | ||
Lake Balkhash | ||
Caspian Sea | ||
Lake Chad | ||
Lake Como | ||
Lake of Constance / Bodensee | ||
Crater Lake | ||
Lake Erie | ||
Lake Eyre | ||
Flathead Lake | ||
Fort Peck Lake | ||
Lake Geneva / Lac Léman | ||
Great Bear Lake | ||
Great Salt Lake | ||
Great Slave Lake | ||
Lake Huron | ||
Issyk-Kul' | ||
Kariba Lake | ||
Lake Ladoga | ||
Loch Lomond | ||
Lake of Lucerne | ||
Lake Maggiore | ||
Lake Manitoba | ||
Lake Maracaibo | ||
Lake Meade | ||
Lake Michigan | ||
Moosehead Lake | ||
Lake Mweru | ||
Lake Nasser | ||
Lake Neagh | ||
Loch Ness | ||
Nettilling Lake | ||
Lake Nicaragua | ||
Lake Nipigon | ||
Lake Nyasa / Malawi | ||
Lake Oahe | ||
Lake Okeechobee | ||
Lake Onega | ||
Lake Ontario | ||
Lake of the Ozarks | ||
Lake Pontchartrain | ||
Lake Powell | ||
Reindeer Lake | ||
Lac St-Jean | ||
Smallwood Reservoir | ||
Lake Superior | ||
Lake Tanganyika | ||
Lake Taymyr | ||
Lake Titicaca | ||
Lake Torrens | ||
Lake Turkana / Rudolf | ||
Vänern | ||
Lake Victoria | ||
Lake Winnipeg | ||
Lake Winnipegosis | ||
Lake of the Woods |